Carbureter.



l. E. SHERMAN.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION man mm3. 19m

Patented Doc. 3, 191B.

JAMES E. SHERMAN, F BUFFALO, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR T0 THE SHERMAN CARBU- RETER'COMFANY, INC;, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK, A. CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

CARBUEETER.

tessera.

Specification of LettersL Patent.

Patented Dec. 3, 1918.

Application filed May 3s. 1917. Serial No. 166,251.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JAMES E. SHERMAN,

a citizen of the United States, residing at following is a specification.

'This invention relates to .a carburetor which is more particularly designed for use in carbureting air with comparatively heavy' hydrocarbon oilssuch as kerosene for the purpose of rendering the saine suit-able for use as the explosive medium in gas engines, although thesame may also be used to advantage for c-arbureting air with gasolene or other highly volatile combustible fluids.

It is the object of this invention to accomplish the purposes above mentioned by means which are comparatively simple in construction and capable of being produced at low cost and which will permit of producing Carburation effectively and economically and toinsure a product which has the maximum efficiency considering the heat units contained in the combustible liquids.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 represents a vert-ical longitudinal section of the preferred form of carburetor embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the saine taken on line 2 2, Fig. 1..v l? ig. 3 is a. top plan view of a part of the throttle valve arranged in Ithe outlet. of the carbureter.

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

The casing of my improved carbureter preferably comprises an upright cylindrical body 1 which 'is provided at its lower end with an air inlet through which air may be admitted from any suitable source, preferably from the vicinity of the exhaust conduit of the explosion engine with which this carburetor is associate-d so that this air becomes heated before the same enters this inlet and is mixed with the hydrocarbon fluid. Within this cylindrical body is arranged an upright cylindrical shell 3 the interior of which forms a vaporizing chamber and the exterior of which is separated from the bore of the body by an intervening annular space 4 while its lower end terminates at a disytance from the bottom ofthe body. The upper end of the shell is provided withfan external annular ange 5 which is seated on partition.

the upper end of the body. The annular space between this shell and the body therefor opens into the inlet of the latter but is closed at its upper end by reason of the connection between the upper ends of the shell and the body. At it-s lower end the shell is provided with a horizontal bottom '6, which contains a. centra-l inlet opening 7 and an annular collar or flange 8 which projects upwardly from this bottom around this inlet opening, thereby producing an annular liquid fuel basin 9 in the lowler end of the shell between this `collary and the adjacent part of the wall of this shell.

10 represents a partition mounted on the upper end of the shell and provided with a central opening or passage 11. On top of the partition and the upper end of the body is arranged 'a head 12 which is mounted on the upper end of the body, the shell and the This body, shell, partition and head may be dletachably connected in any suitable manner, for instance by means of screws 13 passing downwardly through the marginal parts of the saine, as shown in Fig. 1. The space within the head immediately above the partition forms a mixing chamber' 11 for the air and vaporized liquid fuel which is delivered into the same and the upper end of this head forms an outlet 15 for this mixture which may be conducted by any suitable means to the explosion chamber or cylinder of the engine with which the same A slrell and'having its lower open end arranged within the collar of the shell while its upper end is closed, this tube being of smaller diameter than the collar so as to forni an annular air passage between the periphery of this tube and the bore of said collar. This tube may be supported in any suitable manner, for instance, by means of arms 17 connecting the upper end thereof with the underside of the partition, as shown in Fig. 1. 18 represents an inner heating pipe coil which surrounds the heating tube and is arranged close to the periphery thereof and opens at its lower end vinto the annular space between the collar and this heating tube 16 while its upper end projects upwardly through the partition into the mixing chainber 14. 19 represents an outer heating pipe coil arranged within the shell around the rie inner coil but separated therefrom and adjacent to the bore of the shell and opening at ifts lower end into the annular space between the collar and the lower part of the central heating tube while its upper end projects upwardly through the partition into the mlx-V ing chamber.

20, 21 represent two helical screens of woven wire or other foraminous material applied to the` upper and lower sides of the several turns or c-onvolutions of the outer heating coil and forming two helical spaces 22, 23 which extend from the lower part to the upper part of the shell, the space 22 being arranged between the upper and lower sides of the turns of this coil and containing no obstruction while the space 23 between adjacent pipe convolutions contains a' filling of felt, wool, cotton or other absorbent fibrous material having a. capillar action.

The lower end of this capillary fi ling extends downwardly within the vaporlzing chamber to a line below the upper end of the collar 8, so that this filling dips into the hydrocarbon liquid arranged within the .basin 9 and therefore operates to lift this liquid and distribute the same throughout the entire mass of filling from the lower part. to the upper part of the vaporizing chamber. This filling terminates shortv of the upper end of the vaporizing chamber so as to leave a vacant space between the upper end of the filling and the partition, whereby the carbureted air delivered from the upper end of this filling may pass through the central opening in the partition and into the mixturns of the pipe 19 and placing an absorbent filling in the spaces between adjacent turns of this pipe the carbureted air is permitted to circulate more freely in its upward passage helically through the vaporizing chamber and thereby distribute the hydro-y carbon more uniformly through the air and improving its combustibility for power purposes.

In order to prevent any non-vaporized or condensed liquid fuel which may run down along the outerside of the central heating tube from dropping into the inlet of the body an annular downwardly sloping defiector 24 is mounted on the lower part of the central heating tube and extended laterally a sufficient extent to overhang the upper end of the collar 8 and thereby cause any drippings of this liquid to be4 discharged into the basin 9. The underside of this defiector is, however, separated from the upper end of the collar 8 so as to form an annular passage therebetween which permits the air to pass from the inlet of the body upwardly through the collar, thence over the basin and thence upwardly through the fibrous pack- .,ing and the screens to the upper end of the vaporizing chamber.

ing chamber. By spacing apart the several messia coils extend downwardly through the deflector but if desired these coils may communicate'with the air inlet in any other suitable manner. As the carbureted air passes from the upper end of the shell through the opening 11 into the' mixing chamber 14 the same commingles with the heated air delivered by means of the pipe coils into the mixing chamber preparatory to being delivered to the place of combustion, thereby producing a mixture in Which the several ingredients are evenly distributed throughout the entire mass and the maximum power producing effect of the fuel is obtained.

In order to regulate the amount of carbureted air which vpasses from the Vaporizing chamber into the mixing chamber and also to secure a uniform distribution of the ingredients therein a spreader or .distributing disk 25 is arranged above the outlet 11 which spreader is of larger diameter than this opening so as to extend laterally beyond the bore of the same. This spreader is protube 16 and the anj vided with a central screw threaded opening l which receives an upwardly project-ing externally screw threaded stem 26 mounted on the upper end of the central heating tube. By screwing this spreader up or down on the stem the capacity of the opening 11 may be increased and decreased as desired and after adjustment the disk may be heldin position by means of a clamping screw nut 26"L applied to the upper end of this screw stem and engaging with the upper side of the spreader.

Any sultable means may be provided for controlling the outlet of the carbureter within the head, the means for this purpose shown in the drawings being preferred and constructed as follows:

27 represents a semi-cylindrical valve seat mounted within .the head 12 between the upper and lower ends thereof and provided with a port 28 which preferably is wide at one end and reduced toward its opposite or narrow end.- This valve seat is engaged by.

a swinging gate valve 29 which is mounted on a horizontal shaft 30 journaled in bearings on the adjacent part of the head and operable in any suitable manner for causing the gate to open the port more or less as required. By making the port wide at one end and narrow at the other a certain amount of movement of the gate valve while vin a more'or less fully open position will not naeaeia produce a rapid change in the volume of mixture which can escape from the carbureter but when the gate valve is arranged in-a position in which it is nearly closed the same extent of movement of the valve will cause amore pronounced throttling effect on vthe mixture, therebyl permitting of obtaining a finer adjustment of the throttling effect on the engine -when running on a' restricted fuel supply and enabling the engine mechanism is constructed as follows:

31 represents a fuel supply chamber which isarranged on one side of the body and preferably formed integrally therewith. ln its underside this chamber is provided with an inlet nozzle 32 which is provided at itsupper end with an upwardly facing valve seat 33 while its lower end is connected by means of a conduit 34 with the main fuel supply tank. The valve seat 33 is adapted to be engaged by means of a valve 35 which is mounted on the lower end of a valve stem 36 arranged within the fuel supply chamlber. The valve 35 is automatically opened and closed in response to variations in the liquid level within the chamber 31 for which purpose a float. 37 of cork or other suitable materral is adapted to rest on the fluid w1th in the chamber and its motion is transmitted to the valve 35 by means of a vertically swinging rock lever 38 pivoted to-the underside of the cover 39 which is detachably secured to the top of the fuel supply chamber, one arm of this lever being pivotally connected with the float while its opposite arm is connected with the upper end of the valve stem 36. When the float descends due to a falling 0f the liquid level in the chamber then the valve 35 is raised Afrom its sea-t to permit liquid fuel to enter this chamber 31 and replenish the supply and when the level of the liquid in thls chamber has 'reached normal then the rising movement of the float causes the valve 35 to bear against the seat 33 and shut off further admission of liquid fuel into this chamber.

The transfer of liquid fuel from the supply chamber 31 to the vaporizing basin 9 is effected by means of a transfer pipe 40 which has its inlet end arranged on a line with the normal liquid level in this chamber while its outlet end opens into the basin adjacent to the bottom thereof. In order to prevent the liquid fuel from flowing backwardly from the basin into the supply chamber in the event that the carbureteris tilted into an abnormal posi-tion when used on an automobile, motor` boat or other installation where the position of the carbureter would be able to assume various positions, a trap 41 is formed in the transfer pipe 40 which operates as a check to retain the liquid in the basin and thereby prevent depletion of the fuel supply in the basin and insure acontin'uous operation of the carbureter.

This carbureter is capable of carbureting air efficiently with hydrocarbon liquid of various kinds particularly those which vaporize a-t low temperatures, such as kerosene, thereby enabling explosiveengines to utilize such oils to advantage and effecting a considerable economy in the cost of producing power.

l claim as my invention:

l. A carbureter comprising` a vaporizing chamber provided at its lower end with an air inlet and liquid fuel basin and at its upper end with a mixture outlet, an imper-v forate coiled pipe arranged in said chamber and havingv its upper and lower ends open and itscoils spaced apart; and an absorbent filling arranged in the space between the coils of said pipe.

il. A carbureter comprising a vaporizing chamber provided at its lower end with an air inlet and liquid fuel basin and at its upper end with a mixture outlet, an imperforate coiled pipe, arranged in said chamber and having its upper and' lower ends open and its coils spaced apart, a helical screen arranged in said chamber and engaging with said pipe, and an absorbent filling en- `gagin said screen.

3. carbureter comprising a vaporizing chamber provided at its lower end with an air inlet and liquid fuel basin and at its upper end with a mixture outlet, an imperforate coiled pipe arranged in said chamber and having its upper and lower ends open and its coils spaced apart, two helical screens arranged in said chamber and engaginfr oppositesides of the coils of said pipe," orming a helical space between the .upper and lower sides of said coils, and an absorbent filling arranged in the helical space between the` turns of the screen on adjacent coils of said pipe.

4. A carbureter comprising; a vaporizing chamber provided at its lower end with an air inlet and liquid fuel basin and at itS upper end with a mixture outlet, an imperforate coiled pipe arranged in said chamber and having its upper and lower ends open and its coils spaced apart, an absorbent filling arranged 1n the space between the coils of said pipe, and an upright pipe arranged centrally within said coiled pipe and filling and having an'open lower and a closed upper end.

5. A carbureter comprising a vaporizing chamber provided at its lower end with an air inlet and liquid fuel basin and at lts upper end vwith a miXture outlet, an imperforate coiled pipe arranged in said Chamber and having its upper and lower ends open and its coils spaced apart, an absorbent iilling arranged in the space between the coils of said pipe, an upright pipe arranged centrally within said coiled pipe and filling and having an open lower and a closed upper :ber and terminating over ythe fuel basin thereof.

JAMES E. SHERMAN. 

